Politique et théorie – „trois formes de politisation de la méthode“, néoliberalisme et le virage vers l'étude de la subjectivité dans le travail de Michel Foucault
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v17i2.12Mots-clés :
néoliberalisme, subjectivité, intellectuels, théorie de la gouvernementalité managériale, homo economicus, contexte social, histoire des idéesRésumé
Dans ce travail nous explorons les facteurs qui ont influencé le choix que fait Foucault du néoliberalisme comme objet de recherche et les facteurs qui l'ont amené au début des années quatre-vingt à se tourner vers l'étude de la subjectivité. Le principal objectif de notre recherche sera de relever l'influence du contexte socio-politique sur le travail de Foucault. Nous montrerons que cette influence peut être relevée depuis les tous débuts de son travail, et que Foucault dès les années soixante-dix „politise“ explicitement ses entreprises de recherches. Sous la politisation nous sous-entendons la subordination du travail intellectuel à des fins politiques et soutenons que son étude du néoliberalisme se place dans le cadre des recherches sur l'histoire du libéralisme, ce dans quoi s'investit Foucault en raison de son engagement politique dans la seconde moitié des années soixante-dix. Nous allons soutenir que c'est dans le néolibéralisme qu'il trouve le cadre idéique pour la nouvelle politique de gauche qui aspirerait à l'acroissement de l'autonomie individuelle. Puis nous allons mettre en évidence que l'étude de l'histoire de la subjectivité faite par Foucault au cours des années quatre-vingt peut être considérée comme une recherche du cadre éthique pour cette politique. Nous finissons notre étude par une comparaison de notre recherche avec des recherches d'autres auteurs qui se sont penchés sur ces aspects du travail de Foucault.
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