Esclavage à l’époque romaine aux Balkans centraux
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v18i3.2Mots-clés :
Empire romain, Balkans centraux, esclavage, archéologie funéraire, domaines impériauxRésumé
L’article examine les études historiographiques et archéologiques précé- dentes de la question de l’esclavage dans les provinces romaines des Balkans centraux. Una analyse critique des articles publiés indique que le sujet d’esclavage n’était pas au centre d’intérêt de recherche et qu’il était évoqué au passage, très brièvement, comme un phénomène sous-entendu à l’époque romaineet supposé s’être répandu par le processus de romanisation. En arguant qu’il est nécessaire de changer cet état de choses et desoulever la question de l’esclavage en tant que domaine de recherche pertinent, l’article indique des pistes possibles de recherches ultérieures. En premier lieu une attention particulière est portée aux contextes funéraires et aux critères qui pourraient indiquer lesenterrements des individus ayant le statut d’esclave. L’analyse d’exemples sélectionnés des nécropoles urbaines des Balkanscentraux romains (principalement Viminacium et Remesiana) suggère la nécessité d’une recherche détaillée de plusieurs aspects d’enterrements possibles d’esclaves, à partir du positionnement spatial, par la forme de la tombe et le mobilier funéraire, jusqu’aux analyses physico- anthropologiques et chimiques du matériel ostéologique humain. L’article examine également les caractéristiques de certains ensembles architecturaux découverts principalement dans le contexte de domaines et de résidencesimpériaux (Mediana, Romuliana et Sirmium), mais aussi au sein d’un complexe métallurgique fortifié (Kraku Lu Jordan). Compte tenu de la superficie, de l’organisation spatiale et du contexte plus large, on propose que ces bâtiments pourraient avoir été directement liés au travail et à la résidence des esclaves. Bien que les hypothèses proposées ici soient hypothétiques et conditionnelles, il convient de souligner qu’elles servent de point de départ pour une étude plus approfondie d’esclavage dans les provinces des Balkans centraux.
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