„En bitcoin nous croyons“: approche anthropologique du bitcoin comme d’une utopie algorythmique
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v19i1.3Mots-clés :
bitcoin, algorythme, blockchain, confiance, technologie, méthodeRésumé
L’objectif de ce travail est de mapper ethnographiquement la création et le développement et d’offrir une analyse préliminaire d’un „crypto-souverain déifié“ – le bitcoin. Le bitcoin représente un problème anthropologique analytiquement pertinent non pas tant comme une cryptomonnaie, mais que comme un mouvement social. Le bitcoin, officiellement né en 2009, sera analysé ici comme une prolongation des mouvements tels que le cypherpunk et le cryptoanarchisme, à la propagation duquel c’est l’esprit du temps qui a donné l’élan: la crise économique mondiale en 2008, la baisse de confiance dans les institutions financières et étatiques sans alternatives claires et durables qui les remplaceraient, les systèmes de surveillance, un sentiment général de peur et d’insécurité, ainsi que l’absence de prévisibilité et de direction politico-idéologique claire que prend la société contemporaine et qu’il faudrait qu’elle prenne. Ce travail s’appuiera sur le prisme analytique bricolé de la méthodologie générale des sciences et des études des sciences et de la technologie avec l’objectif de réexaminer l’hypothèse que le mouvement social réuni autour du bitcoin lui donne sa confiance parce qu’il le voit comme l’accomplissement des espoirs de l’époque des Lumières et de la modernité, perfectionné par des leçons apprises à l’époque de la modernité tardive, mais adapté à l’époque contemporaine, informatique.
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