La planification d’application de la méthode d’observation dans les sciences humaines
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.v10i2.1Mots-clés :
planification de l’observation, observation participante et non participante, analyse séquentielle, théorie ancréeRésumé
Le présent texte traite des problèmes issus du projet d’application de la méthode d’observation en tant que le procédé principal pour la collecte des données. La détermination de l’objectif, l’élaboration théorique et opérationnelle du plan des recherches et la formation de la première évidence grâce aux autres sources des données qui peuvent aider le succès du projet des recherches basées principalement sur l’observation, toutes sont y compris. Dans la première section du texte il est indiqué que les différences entre la forme participante et la forme non participante en observation lors de sa planification sont trop accentuées sans une explication valide. La deuxième section montre la possibilité d’application d’autres sources et modes de collecte des données lors de la planification d’observation. Un accent particulier est mis sur le rôle de la conversation et de l’analyse séquentielle. La troisième section traite particulièrment des questions relatives à la préparation d’analyse des données obtenues lors de la planification d’observation. La quatrième section montre les particularités du projet d’observation en fonction de la nature des données. Elle considère aussi la concrétisation du plan d’observation, y compris le choix des dimensions, de l’endroit et du temps de la performance d’observation et le positionnement d’un ou de plusieurs observateurs. La cinquième section souligne en bref quelques propositions pour la formation d’un observateur. La section finale traite la planification au cours de l’observation même avec un examen de la théorie ancrée.
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