„Zadrugas familiales“ préhistoriques: ménages néolithiques entre tradition et innovation
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.v10i2.5Mots-clés :
zadrugas familiales, groupes corporatifs, ménage, néolithique, région de l’Égée, Balkans centraux, Europe centraleRésumé
Le commencement de la production, la propriété privée et la division du travail sont le contexte socio-économique souvent évoqué à propos de la première apparition des familles du type collectif de zadruga. Dans cette étude c’est le phénomène des grands ménages familiaux qui a été considéré pour la période néolithique, qui représente en réalité le début de la production (domestication des plantes et des animaux) avec des conséquences dont la portée sociale est plus large. Dans le texte l’on explique: a) que de grands ménages néolithiques sont basés et fonctionnent sur les principes de l’économie et, très probablement, de la parenté; b) que la maison néolithique est le cadre idéologique et spatial pour l’expression de l’identité des groupes corporatifs parentaux; c) que la structure, la dynamique de développement et les rapports mutuels se traduisent dans la sphère matérielle du ménage. En dernier lieu, l’attention est attirée sur le fait que l’existence au cours du néolithique de grands ménages (familiaux?) représente un des phénomènes importants du temps qui, justement, est technologiquement et matériellement convenable pour la première expression physique claire de ce phénomène. C’est pourquoi il existe un certain dilemme si le début d’organisation en “zadrugas familiales” doit vraiment être considéré comme une innovation néolithique (c'est-à-dire conséquence du début de production) ou bien, comme le suggère cette recherche, il faudrait à nouveau chercher les germes et la manifestation de ce processus au cours des périodes différentes du passé dans des réseaux variables du processus démographique, de la culture et de l’économie.
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