Les self-systèmes motivationnels dans l’apprentissage de l’anglais chez des étudiants de Serbie et de Thaïlande – étude contrastive

Auteurs

  • Jagoda Topalov Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
  • Biljana Radić Bojanić Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v16i4.11

Mots-clés :

self-système motivationnel dans l’apprentissage des langues étrangères, individualisme/ collectivisme, approche orientée vers l’apprenant/l’enseignant, Thaïlande, Serbie, anglais comme langue étrangère

Résumé

L’objectif de ce travail est d’explorer, en s’appuyant sur la théorie du self-système motivationnel pour l’apprentissage des langues étrangères, comment les apprenants thaïlandais et les apprenants serbes construisent leurs systèmes motivationnels lors de l’apprentissage de l’anglais comme langue étrangère. D’un intérêt particulier pour cette recherche est la dimension de l’individualisme/ collectivisme qui décrit le degré d’intégration dans des groupes des représentants d’une culture, et où l’individualisme se trouve à un bout imaginé du continuum, alors qu’à l’autre bout se trouve le collectivisme. Une attention particulière est ici consacrée aux différentes philosophies de l’éducation notées dans des cultures se trouvant à des bouts opposés du continuum.  Pour les cultures individualistes l’objectif de l’éducation est d’apprendre aux élèves comment apprendre, alors que les cultures collectivistes apprennent aux élèves comment travailler. Compte tenu de l’orientation culturelle, deux contextes culturels étudiés dans ce travail représentent des exemples de deux approches paradigmatiques différentes de l’apprentissage des langues étrangères – dans les classes serbes l’élève est considéré comme l’agent central du processus de l’enseignement, alors que dans les classes de langue étrangères en Thaïlande, c’est le rôle de l’enseignant qui est dominant. L’approche de l’enseignement des langues étrangères adoptée façonne sans aucun doute les expériences d’apprentissage des élèves, leurs opinions et réponses affectives, ce qui, en retour, influence l’effort investi au cours de l’apprentissage. Ce qui reste non élucidé, c’est dans quelle mesure ce facteur peut expliquer et prévoir le comportement motivé par rapport à l’orientation culturelle dominante des élèves. C’est pour cette raison qu’au total 543 étudiants de Thaïlande et de Serbie apprenant l’anglais comme langue étrangère dans le cadre de l’éducation supérieure, ont rempli le questionnaire composé de 18 entrées et ayant pour l’objectif d’examiner les facteurs motivationnels pertinents dans le cadre de la théorie du self-système motivationnel. Bien que les étudiants des deux universités aient attesté un niveau moyen de comportement motivé et une forte influence de leur expérience préalable dans l’apprentissage de l’anglais au cours de leurs études, les facteurs les plus influents dans la construction du self-système pour les deux échantillons étudiés étaient fondamentalement différents. Alors que les étudiants serbes construisent leurs  self-systèmes motivationnels à partir d’un « moi idéal », les étudiants thaïlandais façonnent leurs self-systèmes motivationnels à partir d’un « moi attendu ». Cette différence rend compte des approches d’enseignement adoptées dans les milieux étudiés, où le contexte de l’enseignement en Serbie est mené par l’approche communicative dans l’apprentissage des langues, alors que le contexte de l’enseignement dans les classes en Thaïlande sous l’influence de l’orientation culturelle collectiviste, repose sur une approche orientée vers l’enseignant. 

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2021-12-14

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Topalov, Jagoda, et Biljana Radić Bojanić. 2021. « Les Self-systèmes Motivationnels Dans l’apprentissage De l’anglais Chez Des étudiants De Serbie Et De Thaïlande – étude Contrastive  ». Problèmes d’ethnologie Et d’anthropologie 16 (4):1229–1255. https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v16i4.11.

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