Concept de romanisation en archéologie: ascension et déclin du paradigme
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.v7i3.6Mots-clés :
archéologie romaine provinciale, concept de romanisation, changement de paradigme, globalisation, théorie de l’identitéRésumé
Depuis la fondation de la discipline, les études des provinces romaines étaient sous l’influence décisive du concept de romanisation, développé dans le contexte social spécifique de l’Europe de la fin du XIX et du XX siècle. La romanisation a servi de cadre interprétatif général pour expliquer les changements à l’intérieur des sociétés indigènes qui se sont produits sous l’influence du pouvoir romain, d’une manière qui suggérait l’approche normative de la culture romaine souvent favorisée axiologiquement par rapport aux cultures indigènes. La prise de conscience théorique de l’archéologie classique, survenue à la fin du XX siècle, a contribué à la remise en question et à l’abandon des hypothèses fondamentales sur lesquelles repose l’idée de romanisation. Après cette période, dans l’archéologie romaine provinciale la tentative a été faite de définir de nouvelles approches qui seraient théoriquement mieux fondées et axiologiquement neutres, et qui, d’une manière plus objective, traiteraient des événements complexes et des changements causés par l’expansion de l’impérialisme romain. Cet article est une vue critique et un aperçu des débats théoriques au sein de l’archéologie romaine provinciale couvrant de la critique de l’idée de romanisation jusqu’aux cadres interprétatifs nouvellement établis qui offrent des possibilités variées d’analyse des questions évoquées.
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