„L’identité contestée“de la Macédoine: identité de la différence
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.v6i2.11Mots-clés :
Macédoine, identité, nation, minoritéRésumé
La Macédoine est encore dans le processus de creation de son identité en tant qu’état indépendant, dans un processus contesté non seulement à l’intérieur de ses frontières, mais également à l’extérieur. Sans la protection de la fédération yougoslave, la sécurité de la Macédoine s’est trouvée affaiblie sous les attaques de ses voisins dans de pareilles circonstances, le nationalisme macédonien trouve un terrain favorable à son développement, ce qui exerce une forte influence sur les rapports albano-macédoniens dans l’état nouvellement formé. Depuis le début des années 1990 les Macédoniens ont vu leur identité nationale contestée – d’abord symboliquement par leurs voisins, puis réellement par la minorité albanaise, opposée à la domination politique et culturelle macédonienne. La contestation de l’identité nationale de l’intérieur est le résultat d’un grand nombre de différences entre les deux principales communautés ethniques. Il en découle une division croissante de la société, accompagnée par la formation de nouvelles identités et institutions politiques selon des critères ethniques.
La menace extérieure à l’identité nationale peut être résumée de la manière suivante: la Bulgarie s’oppose à la reconnaissance de la langue et de la nation macédoniennes ; la Serbie s’oppose à l’autocéphalie de son église, les Albanais à la souveraineté de l’état, les Grecs enfin au nom de l’état, de la nation et de la langue.
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