Tramp, Džonson i Novi primitivizam - pojavni oblici i uzroci velike krize u SAD i UK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v17i1.12Ključne reči:
SAD, UK, Tramp, Džonson, bregzit, populizam, liberalizamApstrakt
Tokom nekoliko poslednjih decenija dogodile su se velike promene u dve najuticajnije zemlje Zapada – SAD i UK. Politički izraz tih promena su predstavljale pobede Trampa i Bregzita 2016. godine. Cilj ovog rada je da analizira promenjenu političku stvarnost u ovim državama i njene uzroke. U zemljama koje su nekada služile za primer kada su u pitanju civilizovan dijalog između političkih oponenata sve je izraženija netolerancija, neodgovornost i najgrublje vređanje političkih protivnika. Radikalizacija političkog života u SAD kulminirala je upadom pristalica ranijeg predsednika Trampa u Kongres, što je dovelo do pogibije petoro ljudi. Polazna hipoteza autora je da su duboke socijalne i etničke podele, rastuće siromaštvo izazvano pre svega neoliberalnom ekonomskom politikom, sve manja dostupnost visokog obrazovanja najširim društvenim slojevima, nepoverenje u demokratske i supranacionalne institucije, briga za održanje sopstvenog kulturnog identiteta i posla usled velikog broja migranata, te dominacija rijaliti kulture promenili politički život u ovim zemljama i stvorili preduslove za pobede Trampa i Bregzita. U radu se kritički analiziraju i dosadašnji pokušaji da se objasne uzroci pobeda Trampa i Bregzita i posebno teorija kulturne reakcije (cultural backlash) kojom ugledni američki politikolozi Norisova i Inglehart objašnjavaju rast autoritarnog populizma u SAD i UK. Autor smatra da se ni nakon pobede Bajdena na predsedničkim izborima 2020. situacija neće značajnije promeniti u SAD, budući da nisu samo političari ti koji kreiraju politički ambijent nego pre svega društveno ekonomske prilike u jednoj državi, a one su se još više pogoršale nakon pandemije kovid virusa. UK je izbeglo značajniju radikalizaciju političkog života zato što podele oko pitanja izlaska ili ostanka u EU nisu išle linijom partijskih i ideoloških podela poput onih u SAD.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
Reference
Abramowitz, Alan. 2018. The Great Alignment: Race, Party Transformation and the Rise of Donald Trump. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Abrams, Elliot, 2019. „Trump versus Government“. Foreign Affairs, No.3, 129-138.
Applebaum, Anne. 2020. Twilight of Democracy: The Seductive Lure of Authoritarianism. New York: Doubleday.
Armstrong, Kenneth. 2017. Brexit: Leaving the EU – Why, how and when? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bennett, Owen. 2016. The Brexit Club: The Inside Story of the Leave campaign’s Shock Victory. London: Backbite books.
Bremmer, Ian. 2018. Us VS the. The Failure of Globalism. New York: Penguin.
Clark, Harold, Mathew J. Goodwin, Paul Whiteley. 2017. Brexit! Why Britain voted to leave the European Union. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cooly, Alexander and Daniel Nexon. 2020. „How Hegemony Ends“. Foreign Affairs, July /August, 143-155.
Diamond, Larry. 2016. „Democracy in Decline“. Foreign Affairs, 13. 6. 2016 https//www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world2016-06-13/democracy-decline
Diamond, Larry. 2020. „A new Administration won’t Heal American Democracy“. Foreign Affairs, Novembar 5. 2020. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2020-11-05/new-administration-wont-heal-american-democracy
Diamond, Larry. 2021. „The capitol Siege Is the wake up Call America Should’t Have Needed“. Foreign affairs, 7. January 2021. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-01-07/capitol-siege-wake-call-america-shouldnt-have-needed
Fukuyama, Francis. 2021. „Rotten to the Core, How America’s Political Decay Accelerated During the Trump Era“. Foreign Affairs 18 January 2021. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-01-18/rotten-core
Haass, Richard, 2021. „The Pandemic Will Accelerate History Rather Than Reshape It“. Foreign Affairs 4.7.2021 https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-04-07/pandemic-will-accelerate-history-rather-reshape-it
Ikenberry, John. 2018. „The End of Liberal International Order“. International Affairs, No. 1, 7-23.
Ikenberry, John, 2020. „The next Liberal Order“. Foreign Affairs, July/Avgust, 133-142.
Levitsky, Steven and Daniel Ziblaatt. 2018. How Democracies Die. New York: Crown.
Linz, Juan and Alfred Stephan (eds.). 1978, The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: An Introduction. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Luce, Edward. 2017. The Retreat of Western Liberalism. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
Haass, Richard. 2019. „How a World Order Ends“. Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb., 22-31.
Hochschild, Jennifer and Katherine Einstein. 2015. Do Facts Matter? Information and Misinformation in American Politics. Norton: University of Oklahoma Press.
Mearsheimer, John. 2018. The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities. New Heaven: Yale University Press.
Milanovic, Branko. 2016. Global inequality: A new Aproach for the age of Globalisation. Cambridge: MA Harvard University Press.
Milanović, Branko. 2020a. „The real pandemic Danger is Social Collapse“. Foreign affairs, March 2020. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2020-03-19/real-pandemic-danger-social-collapse
Milanović, Branko. 2020b. „Trump as the ulitimate triumph of neoliberalism“. Global policy journal, 14. 5. 2020. https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/14/05/2020/trump-ultimate-triumph-neoliberalism
Norris, Pippa. 2021. „It Happened in America, Democratic Backsliding Shouldn’t Have Come as a Surpise“. Foreign Affairs, January 7, 2021. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-01-07/it-happened-america
Norris Pippa and Ronald Inglehart. 2019. Cultural Backlash, Trump, Brexit and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge University Press.
Nye, Joseph. 2019 „The rise and fall of American hegemony from Vilson to Trump“. International affairs, No 1, 63-80.
O’Connor, Cailin and James Owen Weathearall. 2020. The Misinformation Age. Yale University Press.
Pribićević, Ognjen. 2018. „Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo između evropskog i škotskog referenduma“. Srpska politička misao, br 1, 185-212.
Pribićević, Ognjen. 2019. „Britanska diplomatija novca i trgovine“. Međunarodni problemi LXXI (2): 137-159.
Pribićević, Ognjen. 2020. „Trump, Brexit and the crisis of the world liberal order“. Teorija in Praksa, No.2, 471-488.
Putnam, R.D. 1995. „Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital“. Journal of Democracy 6 (1): 65-78.
Rokeach, Milton. 1973. The Nature of Human Values. New York: The Free Press.
Sunstein, Cass (ed.). 2018. Can it happen here. Authoritarianism in America. New York Dey St.
Internet and Media Sources
Anderson, Jenny. 2019. „America’s top colleges are not the engines of socialmobility they say they are“. Quartz 13.9. 2019. https://qz.com/1706334/college-admissions-are-a-game-that-still-favors-rich-over-poor/
B92. 2020a. „Tramp: Ne volim da gubim“. B92 20. 7. 2020. https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=07&dd=20&nav_category=78&nav_id=1709019
B92. 2020b. „Tramp optužuje Bajdena da je pedofil?“ B92 13. 8. 2020 https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2020&mm=08&dd=13&nav_category=78&nav_id=1718918
B92. 2021. „Studiranje u SAD postaje besplatno, Vol strit da plati“. B92 21.4.2021. https://www.b92.net/biz/vesti/svet.php?yyyy=2021&mm=04&dd=21&nav_id=1846484
Blic. 2020. „Tramp: zaustavili smo masovna ubijanja izmedju Srbije i Kosova“. Blic 20.9.2020. https://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/zaustavili-smo-masovna-ubijanja-izmedju-srbije-i-kosova-tramp-o-tome-zasto-zasluzuje/b8wxpn9
CNBC. 2021. „Biden’s plans to raise taxes on corporations and wealthy are losing momentum“. (https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/07/biden-tax-plan-corporate-capital-gains-and-income-hike-uncertain.htmlreupblikanaca
CNN. 2016. „Trump: I think Islam hates us“. https://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/09/politics/donald-trump-islam-hates-us/index.html
Cronin, Audrey Kurth. 2021. „The Capitol Has Been Attacked Before: This Time It Was Different“. https://www.american.edu/sis/centers/security-technology/the-capitol-has-been-attacked-before-this-time-it-was-different.cfm
Daily Mail. 2016. „Cameron warns Brexit could lead to war and genocide“. Daily Mail 9. May 2016.
Farage, Nigel. 2016a. „Farage Nigel bactracts on Leave campaign’s 350 Pounds for the NHS’ pledge hours after result“,. 25. 6. 2016. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-result-nigel-farage-nhs-pledge-disowns-350-million-pounds-a7099906.html
Farage, Nigel. 2016b. „Ukip leader Nigel Farage speaches resignation European Paliament Brexit victory“. June 24, 2016, www. Express.co.uk/newspolitics/686024/
Fox News. 2020. „Gingrich Newt: Biden-Harris ticket will colapse betwwen now and election due to these 3 factors reasons“. Fox news 18.8.2020 https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/biden-harris-ticket-collapse-newt-gingrich
Media nations: UK 2019 : https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/160714/media-nations-2019-uk-report.pdf
Mirror. 2016. „Brexit could triger World war Three, warns David Cameron“. Mirror 9 May 2016.
Mirror. 2019. „General election : 43 lies, gaffes and scandals that make Boris Johnson unfit to rule“. Mirror 7.11. 2019. https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/37-lies-gaffes-scandals-make-18558695
N1. 2019. „Tramp: Moj opoziv bi mogao da dovede do građanskog rata u SAD“. N1 30.9.2019. http://rs.n1info.com/Svet/a530326/Tramp-Moj-opoziv-bi-mogao-da-dovede-do-gradjanskog-rata-u-SAD.html
Pew research. 2019. „Brexit divides the UK but partisanship and ideology are still key factors“. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/10/28/brexit-divides-the-uk-but-partisanship-and-ideology-are-still-key-factors/
PM speech at Manchester Science and industry Museum. 2019. 27, july 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-speech-at-manchester-science-and-industry-museum
Reuters. 2019. „Trump says Boris Johnson will be great prime minister“. Reuters 26.8.2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-g7-summit-trump-johnson/trump-says-johnson-will-be-a-great-prime-minister-idUKKCN1VG1QK?edition-redirect=uk
Silesbacena, Isaac. 2019. „Inequalities in UK higher education system“. https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/global-social-challenges/2019/05/23/inequality-in-the-uk-higher-education-system/
Statista. 2017. „Genre breakdown of the top 250 TV programs in the US in 2017“. https://www.statista.com/statistics/201565/most-popular-genres-in-us-primetime-tv/
VOA. 2016. „Debata Klinton –Tramp. Provera činjenica o terorizmu, imigraciji i ekonomiji“. VOA 20.10.2016 https://www.glasamerike.net/a/debata-klinton-tramp-provera-cinjenica-o-terorizmu-imigraciji-i-ekonomiji/3559057.html
Wall Street Journal. 2016. „Trump: Let Me Ask America a Question“. Wall Street Journal 14.4.2016. https://www.wsj.com/articles/let-me-ask-america-a-question-1460675882
Washington Post. 2016. „Why Donald Trump Calls Elizabeth Warren Pocahontas“. Washington Post 28 June 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/06/28/why-donald-trump-calls-elizabeth-warren-pocahontas/
##submission.downloads##
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Broj časopisa
Sekcija
Licenca
Ovaj rad je pod Creative Commons Autorstvo-Deli pod istim uslovima 4.0 Internacionalna licenca.
ERIH PLUS - European Reference Index for the Humanities
World Cat
AnthroSerbia
