Approches anthropologiques récentes de l’empathie : exemple de recherche de Douglas Hollan
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v20i3.9Mots-clés :
empathie, empathie primaire et complexe, compréhension, anthropologie, Douglas HollanRésumé
Après une période de relative indifférence des anthropologues envers l’empathie en tant qu’objet de recherche, une impulsion vers des études disciplinaires plus systématiques de ce phénomène apparaît plus ou moins au début du nouveau siècle, ce qui entraîne une certaine production de travaux et, par conséquent, un besoin partiel de les examiner, dans le prolongement d’une réflexion antérieure (Ilić 2019). Dans la recherche anthropologique – qu’elle soit ancienne ou récente – on ne peut pas affirmer qu’il existe un consensus ni sur la signification du concept d’empathie, ni sur l’approche de son étude. Pour cette raison, cet article vise à offrir un aperçu général, bien que bref et incomplet, des recherches anthropologiques récentes sur l’empathie (dont les résultats ont été publiés en anglais), en mettant l’accent sur ses définitions conceptuelles et théoriques. Pour ce faire, on s’appuie principalement sur les travaux de l’un des chercheurs contemporains les plus prolifiques et influents sur ce phénomène – l’anthropologue psychologique américain Douglas Hollan. L’objectif de l’article est de mettre en lumière certaines de ses positions théoriques, s’inscrivant dans le prolongement des approches anthropologiques antérieures des émotions et de l’empathie – universalistes et relativistes – ainsi que des connaissances neurologiques récentes sur lesquelles il s’appuie. La conclusion constate l’insuffisance de la vérification et de l’application des postulats théoriques sur le terrain, la négligence dans la définition des émotions, l’insuffisance de l’étude théorique de l’aspect émotionnel de l’empathie, ainsi qu’une extension de la signification du phénomène.
Téléchargements
Références
Barlow, Kathleen. 2010. „Sharing Food, Sharing Values: Mothering and Empathy in Murik Society“. Ethos 38 (4): 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1352.2010.01154.x
Beatty, Andrew. 2005. „Emotions in the Field: What are We Talking about?“ Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 11: 17–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2005.00224.x
Beatty, Andrew. 2019. Emotional Worlds. Beyond an Anthropology of Emotion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Black, Peter. 1985. „Ghosts, Gossip, and Suicide: Meaning and Action in Tobian Folk Psychology“. In Persom, Self and Experience: Exploring Pacific Ethnopsychologies, edited by Geoffrey White and John Kirkpatrick, 245–300. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bloch, Natalia. 2020. „Engaged Anthropology and the Need for Empathy: Anthropological Interventions in the Face of the So-Called Refugee Crisis“. Kultura i Społeczeństwo 64 (2): 71–97. https://doi.org/10.35757/KiS.2020.64.2.5
Briggs, Jean. 2008. „Daughter and Pawn: One Ethnographer’s Routes to Understanding Children“. Ethos 36 (4): 449–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1352.2008.00026.x
Bubandt, Nils. 2009. „From the enemy’s point of view: Violence, empathy, and the ethnography of fakes“. Cultural Anthropology 24: 553–558. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2009.01040.x
Bubandt, Nils and Rane Willerslev. 2015. „The Dark Side of Empathy: Mimesis, Deception, and the Magic of Alterity“. Comparative Studies in Society and History 57 (1): 5–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417514000589.
Cuff, Benjamin, Sarah Brown, Laura Taylor and Douglas Howat. 2016. „Empathy: A Review of the Concept“. Emotion Review 8 (2): 144–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073914558466
Duan, Changming and Clara E. Hill. 1996. „The Current State of Empathy Research“. Journal of Counseling Psychology 43 (3): 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.3.261
Feinberg, Richard. 2011. „Do Anutans Empathize? Morality, Compassion, and Opacity of Other Minds“. In The Anthropology of Empathy: Experiencing the Lives of Others in Pacific Societies, edited by Douglas Hollan and Jason Throop, 151–167. New York: Berghahn Books.
Geertz, Clifford. (1974) 1984. „From the Native's Point of View’: On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding“. In Culture theory: Essays on Mind, Self and Emotion, edited by Richard A. Shweder and Robert A. LeVine, 123–136. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/3822971
Gieser, Thorsten. 2008. „Embodiment, emotion and empathy. A phenomenological approach to apprenticeship learning“. Anthropological Theory 8 (3): 299–318. https://doi.org/10.1177/146349960809381
Groak, Kevin. 2008. „Social Opacity and the Dynamics of Empathic In-Sight among the Tzotzil Maya of Chiapas, Mexico“. Ethos 36 (4): 427–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1352.2008.00025.x
Hermann, Elfriede. 2011. „Empathy, Ethnicity, and the Self among the Banabans in Fiji“. In The Anthropology of Empathy: Experiencing the Lives of Others in Pacific Societies, edited by Douglas Hollan and Jason Throop, 25–41. New York: Berghahn Books.
Hollan, Douglas. 2008. „Being There: On the Imaginative Aspects of Understanding Others and Being Understood“. Ethos 36 (4): 475–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1352.2008.00028.x
Hollan, Douglas. 2011. „Vicissitudes of ‘Empathy’ in a Rural Toraja Village“. In The Anthropology of Empathy: Experiencing the Lives of Others in Pacific Societies, edited by Douglas Hollan and Jason Throop, 195–214. New York: Berghahn Books.
Hollan, Douglas. 2012a. „Emerging Issues in the Cross-Cultural Study of Empathy”. Emotion Review 4 (1): 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911421376
Hollan, Douglas. 2012b. „The Definition and Morality of Empathy“. Emotion Review 4 (1): 83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911421396
Hollan, Douglas. 2014. „Empathy and Morality in Ethnographic Perspective“. In Empathy and Morality, edited by Heidi L. Maibom, 230–250. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199969470.003.0012
Hollan, Douglas. 2017. „Empathy across Cultures“. In Routledge Handbooks of Philosophy of Empathy, edited by Heidi Maibom, 341–352. New York: Routledge.
Hollan, Douglas. 2023. „Dynamics and Vicissitudes of Empathy“. In Conversations on Empathy: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Imagination and Radical Othering, edited by Francesca Mezzenzana and Daniel Peluso, 101–115. New York: Routledge.
Hollan, Douglas and Jason Throop, eds. 2008a. „Whatever Happened to Empathy?“ Ethos 36 (4).
Hollan, Douglas and Jason Throop. 2008b. „Whatever Happened to Empathy?: Introduction“. Ethos 36 (4): 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1352.2008.00023.x
Hollan, Douglas and Throop, Jason, eds. 2011a. The Anthropology of Empathy: Experiencing the Lives of Others in Pacific Societies. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.
Hollan, Douglas, and Jason Throop. 2011b. „The Anthropology of Empathy: Introduction“ to The Anthropology of Empathy: Experiencing the Lives of Others in Pacific Societies, edited by Douglas Hollan and Jason Throop, 1–21. New York, NY: Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857451033-002
Ilić, Vladimira. 2014. „Empatija kao strategija premošćavanja jaza između političara i stanovništva Srbije“. Etnoantropološki problemi 9 (4): 955–976. https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.v9i4.8
Ilić, Vladimira. 2019. „Upotreba empatije u antropologiji emocija“. Etnoantropološki problemi 14 (2): 627–645. https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v14i2.10
Leavitt, John. 1996. „Meaning and Feeling in the Anthropology of Emotions“. American Ethnologist 23 (3): 514–539. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1996.23.3.02a00040
Lepowsky, Marie. 2011. „The Boundaries of Personhood, the Problem of Empathy, and ‘the Native’s Point of View’ in the Outer Islands“. In The Anthropology of Empathy: Experiencing the Lives of Others in Pacific Societies, edited by Douglas Hollan and Jason Throop, 43–65. New York: Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857451033-004
Linke, Uli. 2009. „The Limits of Empathy: Emotional Anesthesia and the Museum of Corpses in Post-Holocaust Germany“. In Genocide: Truth, Memory, and Representation, edited by Alexander Laban and Kevin Lewis O’Neill, 147–195. Durham and London: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822392361-006
Lohmann, Roger Ivar. 2011. „Empathic Perception and Imagination among the Asabano: Lessons for Anthropology“. In The Anthropology of Empathy: Experiencing the Lives of Others in Pacific Societies, edited by Douglas Hollan and Jason Throop, 95–116. New York: Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780857451033-006
Lyon, Margot. 1995. „Missing Emotions: The Limitations of Cultural Constructionism in the Study of Emotion“. Cultural Anthropology 10 (2): 244–263. https://doi.org/10.1525/can.1995.10.2.02a00050
Lynch, Owen. 1990. „The Social Construction of Emotion in India“. In Divine Passions: The Social Construction of Emotion in India, edited by Owen Lynch, 3–34. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Mageo, Jeannette. 2011. „Empathy and ‘As-If’ Attachment in Samoa“. In The Anthropology of Empathy: Experiencing the Lives of Others in Pacific Societies, edited by Douglas Hollan and Jason Throop, 69–93. New York: Berghahn Books.
Nakashima Degarrod, Lydia. 2016. „Collaborative art and the emergence and development of ethnographic knowledge and empathy“. Critical Arts 30 (3): 322–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/02560046.2016.1205320
Neeper, Layne. 2016. „‘To Soften the Heart’: George Saunders, Postmodern Satire, and Empathy“. Studies in American Humor 2 (2): 280–299. https://doi.org/10.5325/studamerhumor.2.2.0280
Rollason, Will. 2012. „The anthropology of empathy: experiencing the lives of others in Pacific societies – Edited by Douglas W. Hollan and C. Jason Throop“. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 18 (3): 706–707. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2012.01787_15.x
Rosaldo, Renato. (1984) 2004. „Grief and a Headhunter’s Rage“. In Death, Mourning, and Burial: a Cross-cultural Reader, edited by Antonius C.G.M. Robben, 167–178. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822376736-003
Solomon, Robert. 1978. „Emotions and Anthropology: The Logic of Emotional World Views“. Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 21 (1–4): 181–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/00201747808601841
Strauss, Claudia. 2004. „Is Empathy Gendered and, If So, Why? An Approach from Feminist Psychological Anthropology“. Ethos 32 (4): 432–457. https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.2004.32.4.432
Throop, Jason. 2008. „On the Problem of Empathy: The Case of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia“. Ethos 36 (4): 402–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1352.2008.00024.x
Throop, Jason. 2010. „Latitudes of loss: On the vicissitudes of empathy“. American Ethnologist 37 (4): 771–782. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01284.x
Throop, Jason. 2011. „Suffering, empathy, and ethical subjectivity in Yap (Waqab), Federated States of Micronesia“. In The Anthropology of Empathy: Experiencing the Lives of Others in Pacific Societies, edited by Douglas Hollan and Jason Throop, 119–149. New York: Berghahn Books.
Throop, Jason. 2012. „On the varieties of empathic experience: tactility, mental opacity, and pain in Yap“. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 26 (3): 408–430. 10.1111/j.1548-1387.2012.01225.x
Throop, Jason. 2023. „Empathy and its limits: a manifesto“. In Conversations on Empathy: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Imagination and Radical Othering, edited by Francesca Mezzenzana and Daniel Peluso, 27–33. New York: Routledge.
Throop, Jason and Zahavi, Dan. 2020. „Dark and Bright Empathy: Phenomenological and Anthropological Reflections“. Current Anthropology 61 (3): 283–303. https://doi.org/10.1086/708844
von Poser, Anita. 2011. „Bosmun Foodways Emotional Reasoning in a Papua New Guinea Lifeworld“. In The Anthropology of Empathy: Experiencing the Lives of Others in Pacific Societies, edited by Douglas Hollan and Jason Throop, 171–192. New York: Berghahn Books.
von Poser, Anita. 2013. Foodways and Empathy: Relatedness in a Ramu River Society, Papua New Guinea. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
Waterson, Roxana. 2018. „Learning to Share Emotions Through Ritual Participation Among the Toraja of Sulawesi“. In Expressions of Austronesian Thought and Emotions, edited by James J. Fox, 81–128. Canberra: ANU Press.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1995. „Everyday conceptions of emotion: a semantic perspective“. In Everyday Conceptions of Emotion: An Introduction to the Psychology, Anthropology and Linguistics of Emotion, edited by James A. Russell, Jose-Miguel Fernandez-Dols, Antony S. R. Manstead and Jane C. Wellenkamp, 17–47. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8484-5_2
Wikan, Unni. 1992. „Beyond the Words: The Power of Resonance“. American Ethnologist 19 (3): 460–482. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1992.19.3.02a00030
Wilce, James. 2004. „Passionate Scholarship: Recent Anthropologies of Emotion“. Reviews in Anthropology 33 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/713649337
Willerslev, Rane. 2004. „Not Animal, Not Not-animal: Hunting, Imitation and Empathetic Knowledge Among the Siberian Yukaghirs“. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 10 (3): 629–652. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2004.00205.x
Téléchargements
Publiée
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 4.0 International.
ERIH PLUS - European Reference Index for the Humanities
World Cat
AnthroSerbia
