Noviji antropološki pristupi empatiji: Primer istraživanja Daglasa Holana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v20i3.9Ključne reči:
empatija, bazična i kompleksna empatija, razumevanje, antropologija, Daglas HolanApstrakt
Nakon perioda generalne nezainteresovanosti antropologa za empatiju kao svoj istraživački predmet, manje-više s početkom novog stoleća javlja se podsticaj za sprovođenje sistematičnijih disciplinarnih istraživanja ovog fenomena, što rezultira izvesnom produkcijom radova, a odatle i delimičnom potrebom za njihovim pregledom, i to kao svojevrsnim nastavkom prethodnog razmatranja (Ilić 2019). U antropološkim istraživanjima – ni starijim ni novijim – ne može se tvrditi da postoji konsenzus niti u pogledu značenja pojma empatija niti u pogledu pristupa njenom proučavanju. Zato je osnovna namera ovog rada da pruži opšti, iako kratak i nepotpun, uvid u skorašnja antropološka proučavanja empatije (čiji su rezultati objavljeni na engleskom jeziku) sa fokusom na njena konceptualna i teorijska određenja. Pri tome se najviše pažnje usmerava na radove plodnijeg i istaknutijeg savremenog istraživača fenomena – američkog psihološkog antropologa Daglasa Holana. Cilj je da se osvetle neki od njegovih teorijskih stavova na tragu ranijih antropoloških pristupa emocijama i empatiji – univerzalističkih i relativističkih – i novijih neuroloških saznanja na koja se oslanja. U završnim razmatranjima se konstatuje nedovoljnost provere i primene teorijskih postavki na samom terenu, prenebregnutost određenja emocija i nedovoljnost teorijskog razmatranja emocionalnog aspekta empatije, kao i prekomerna proširenost značenja fenomena.
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