Učiti iz rituala: mere zdravstvene zaštite protiv kovida-19 i poruke upućene javnosti u Istočnom Timoru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v18i1.3Ključne reči:
kovid-19, ritual, običaj, prevencija, komunikacijaApstrakt
U radu se bavim značajem ritualnih aktivnosti u vezi s kovidom-19 u Istočnom Timoru – šta nam one govore o verovanjima i odnosu prema zaraznim bolestima u Istočnom Timoru i zašto je razumevanje kulturnih dimenzija zaraznih bolesti od ključne važnosti za zdravstvenu zaštitu. U Istočnom Timoru prvi slučaj kovida-19 zabeležen je 21. marta 2020. Tokom narednih nekoliko nedelja starešine su održavale ritualne obrede širom zemlje kako bi mobilisali pretke i zamolili ih za zaštitu od kovida-19. Ove ceremonije su kružile društvenim mrežama kako u Istočnom Timoru tako i među dijasporom. Paralelno s ovim početnim zamahom ritualnih aktivnosti, vlada je brzo donela zakonske odredbe i proglasila vanredno stanje, zatvorivši međunarodne granice i otvarajući karantinske centre širom zemlje. Odgovor zdravstvenih vlasti na kovid-19 je u mnogo čemu bio uzoran, s malim brojem obolelih i bez smrtnih slučajeva tokom 2020. Međutim, od februara 2021. broj zaraženih kovidom-19 eksponencijalno raste, pritom razotkrivajući društvene rascepe prema obrazovanju, jeziku i socio-ekonomskom položaju. S ograničenim resursima, zdravstvene vlasti, a naročito Centar za integrisano upravljanje kriznim situacijama, usredsredile su se na prevenciju, praćenje kontakata i testiranje, pridržavajući se smernica SZO s naglaskom na „najboljoj praksi“. Pa ipak, ovaj odgovor je kritikovan zbog toga što je previše hijerarhizovan i bez dovoljno sluha. Na primer, određene zdravstvene mere kao što je obavezno testiranje i protokoli sahranjivanja, loše su predstavljeni široj zajednici. Upotreba jezika biomedicine i uvođenje novih termina i pojmova bilo je previse didaktično i lišeno lokalne kontekstualizacije. Za većinu stanovnika Istočnog Timora, posebno one iz ruralnih krajeva, iskustvo s bolešću prvenstveno se interpretira putem i pomoću tradicionalnih verovanja i praksi. Rituali usmereni ka kovidu-19 pokazuju jasno razumevanje prirode zaraze, kontaminacije, bolesti, kauzalnih modela i strahovavezanih za infekciju. Takođe otkrivaju lokalne kapacitete za obuzdavanje epidemija i sposobnosti da se uči uz biomedicinskiodgovor. Primećeni nivoi učešća u onlajn kovid ritualima kao i lokalna podrška ovakvim inicijativama izražena putem društvenihmedija u najmanju ruku ukazuje da bi zdravstvene vlasti trebalo da sa lokalnim zajednicama stupe u dvosmerni dijalog kako birazgovarali o verovanjima i postojećim strategijama prevencije koje mogu da pomognu i podrže ciljeve i mere zdravstvene zaštite.
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