Le phénomène des inhumations d’enfants dans les récipients à la nécropole de l’âge du bronze moyen à Ostojićevo (1650 –1550 av. J.-C.)
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v19i3.4Mots-clés :
nécropole Ostojićevo, âge du bronze, pratique funéraire, inhumation dans des récipientsRésumé
L’inhumation d’enfants dans les récipients est une pratique funéraire aussi ancienne que l’art de la poterie. Cette pratique était présente au Levant et dans la région européenne, du Néolithique à l’âge du fer, sans continuité ni cadre géographique défini, ce qui soulève la question quelle idée se trouve derrière la coutume de placer le corps d’un enfant dans un récipient en céramique. Les exemples les plus anciens sur le territoire de la Serbie datent de l’âge du bronze moyen et ont été découverts sur la nécropole Ostojićevo dans le nord de Banat. Au total, 285 individus ont été inhumés ici, dont 142 personnes subadultes parmi lesquelles 103 enfants de moins de 7 ans ont été inhumés dans les récipients en céramique. Cette pratique a été appliquée de manière cohérente tout au long de la plage chronologique durant laquelle la nécropole était en usage (1650-1550 av. J.-C.). Une question importante c’est de savoir pourquoi certains enfants ont été inhumés dans des récipients en céramique tandis que les autres ne l’ont pas été. Pour pouvoir répondre à cette question, nous avons analysé l’âge individuel des enfants parmi 76 squelettes conservés, le mobilier funéraire et l’orientation des squelettes dans les deux groupes d’enfants. Nous avons étudié si l’âge des enfants a influencé le choix du rite funéraire et s’il a été un facteur décisif pour déterminer si un enfant serait inhumé ou non dans un récipient en céramique, ainsi que s’il existait d’éventuelles différences dans l’orientation des individus et la quantité du mobilier funéraire.
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