Réinterprétation des coutumes funéraires dans la nécropole médiévale de Trnjane à la lumière des recherches sur les processus taphonomiques
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v19i3.8Mots-clés :
Moyen âge, Trnjane, nécropole, taphonomie, accouchement post mortem, vampirismeRésumé
Dans le village de Trnjane, près de Požarevac, se trouve une nécropole utilisée de la fin du XIe au XIIIe siècle et fouillée dans les années 70 du XXe siècle. Comme il a été décrit et interprété dans la littérature, la nécropole est caractérisée par le rite funéraire chrétien accompagné d’éléments païens. Les os disloqués dans les tombes, les traces de combustion au fond des fosses et le squelette du nouveau-né entre les jambes d’un individu féminin adulte, orienté à l’opposé des autres défunts dans la nécropole, ont été interprétés comme le résultat d’une action antrophique due à la peur des forces surnaturelles. Cependant, de nouvelles connaissances dans le domaine de l’anthropologie forensique montrent que les processus tels que la taphonomie peuvent provoquer certains déplacements du matériel ostéologique après l’inhumation du corps et un tel enregistrement peut souvent être mal interprété comme la conséquence d’un rite inhabituel ou de la prévention du vampirisme. Ce travail présentera les scénarios possibles qui ont conduit à la dislocation des restes squelettiques dans les tombes, et proposera ainsi une nouvelle interprétation du rite funéraire.
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