La jérémiade américaine: un genre proprement américain
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v15i4.7Mots-clés :
jérémiade américaine, symbole Amérique, Sakvan BerkovicRésumé
Ce travail offre l’aperçu d’un „genre proprement américain“ – jérémiade américaine, dont les racines remontent à la prédication politique puritaine et qui, avec des modifications historiques et culturelles, perdure jusqu’à nos jours. Cet aperçu, tout comme la plupart des études de cette forme rhétorique, est fondé sur le travail de Sakvan Berkovic qui l’a établie comme genre et a offert l’interprétation la plus exhaustive de sa structure et de sa signification à nos jours. La jérémiade américaine a pour tâche d’homogénéiser la communauté américaine, puis de l’orienter et de la maintenir à la tâche nationale commune, ce qui est visible dans sa structure tripartite: le rappel de l’idéal /l’état idéal de la communauté, la critique d’un égarement momentané, l’affirmation de la tâche et de la vision du progrès. Comme d’après Berkovic la jérémiade américaine en dépit des changements historiques et sociaux maintient l’hégémonie culturelle du symbole de l’Amérique, des recherches ultérieures explorent cette thèse sur des exemples de discours politiques, des adresses publiques, films américains, etc., à travers les concepts de la jérémiade moderne séculière, historique, afro-américaine, cinématographique, etc., et presque sans exception conservent ce symbole, d’une manière ou d’une autre, sain et sauf.
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