Organisation du temps dans la campagne chinoise: travail, rythmes et genre dans la période maoïste tardive (1958-1978)
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v5i2.10Mots-clés :
l’organisation du temps, la campagne chinoise, la période maoïste tardive, les rythmes de vie des paysans chinoisRésumé
Cet article traite la question de la manière dont les politiques de l’État au cours de la période maoïste tardive, depuis le début du « Grand Bond en avant » (1958) jusqu’à l’introduction des réformes de Modernisation (1978), ont affecté l’organisation du temps dans la campagne chinoise. Après avoir abandonné le modèle soviétique initial de modernisation, basé sur l’affermissement exclusif de l’industrie lourde, les dirigeants chinois ont développé la stratégie d’un développement parallèle de l’agriculture et de l’industrie, dans lequel l’ancien allait en plus soutenir la modernisation du nouveau. L’étude est concentrée sur les manières dont les projets de l’État à long terme et les politiques et les campagnes économiques, sociales et idéologiques à plus court terme ont conjointement influencé les rythmes de vie des paysans chinois. Les domaines dans lesquels ces influences sont devenues visibles étaient: (1) l’intensification des pratiques agricoles, (2) l’introduction de la petite industrie, et (3) la politisation des loisirs. Dans cette analyse les rythmes caractéristiques de travail et de repos à des intervalles quotidiens, hebdomadaires, saisonniers et annuels sont suivis en détail.
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