Tela u tišini: japanska uzdržanost i "mišljenje slika"
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v12i1.5Ključne reči:
tišina, Japan, ishin – denshin, haragei, enryo–sasshi, film, pozorište, muga, ma, honne-tatemaeApstrakt
Neverbalna transmisija i implicitan vid komunikacije su izrazito zastupljeni u japanskom društvu. Razlog za pomenuti "prerogativ tišine" se često pronalazi u istorijskim uslovljenostima dugim periodom feudalizma ili filozofskim i religijskim doktrinama poput budizma i konfučijanizma koji favorizuju "zadršku" u direktnoj komunikaciji. Pored toga, razumevanje koje se postiže kroz neizgovoreno, praćeno je stanovištem koje izjednačava tišinu i istinu. Ovaj rad preispituje tišinu kao komunikacijski čin u domenu japanske umetnosti, u kojoj telo preuzima mesto jezika. U tradicionalnim formama japanskog teatarskog izvođenja, poput No-drame, reči su obično neadekvatne za prenošenje emocija, te se estetika praznine, nagoveštaj i apstrakcija otelotvorava putem maski sa nepomičnim ustima. Oslanjajući se na teoretske pretpostavke Istoka i Zapada, zastupam stanovište da "tela u tišini" funkcionišu kao sastavni elementi japanskih umetničkih formi, poslebno filma i pozorišta. U istočnim filozofijama, vizuelna percepcija je od suštinske važnosti za razumevanje sveta, dok je zvučna komunikacija sekundarna u odnosu na "mišljenju slika" (Yuasa). Naviknuta na rezervisanost, japanska publika efektivno korespondira sa izvođenjem/delom i "dovršava" ga u tišini.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
Reference
Adachi, Reito. 2016. Dubbing of silences in Hayao Miyazaki's Spirited Away: A comparison of Japanese and English language versions. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 24 (1): 142-156.
Baird, Bruce. 2012. Hijikata Tatsumi and Butoh – Dancing in a Pool of Gray Grits. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Befu, Harumi. 2001. Hegemony of Homogeneity. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press.
Cage, John. 1973. "45' for a Speaker". In Silence: Lectures and Writings by John Cage. Hanover: Wesleyan.
Cavallero, Dani. 2013. Japanese Aesthetics and Anime, Jefferson. NC & London: McFarland & Company.
Deleuze, Gilles. 1997. Cinema 1- The Movement-Image. University of Minnesota Press.
De Mente, Boye Lafayette. MUGA: A Japanese Word You Should Know. http://boyelafayettedemente.blogspot.rs/2007/03/muga-moo-gah-japanese-word-you-should.html
Dosen, Ana. 2016. Bemusing the Audience: Probing the Narrative Diversions in Symbol. Ekphrasis 15 (1) : 75-85.
Došen, Ana. Viscerocepcija: (japansko) telo koje misli i umetnost. Art+Media 11 (to be published).
Hall, Edward T. 1976. Beyond Culture. New York: Anchor Books.
Hamera, Judith. 1990. Silence That Reflects: Buthoh, Ma, and a Crosscultural Gaze. Text and Performance Quarterly 10 (1): 53-60.
Isozaki, Arata and Ken Tadashi Oshima. 2009. Arata Isozaki. London: Phaidon Press.
Kindaichi, Haruhiko. 2010. The Japanese Language. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing.
Jackson II, Ronald L. And Michael A. Hogg (eds.). 2010. Encyclopedia of Identity. Vol.I, SAGE Publications.
Lambert, Leopold (ed.). 2013. The Funambulist Pamphlets: Spinoza. New York: Punctum Books.
Lebra, Takie S. 1987. The cultural significance of silence in Japanese communication. Multilingua 6-4: 345-357.
Marks, Laura U. 2000. The Skin of the Film. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Matarazzo J. D, H.F. Hess, G. Saslow. 1961. Frequency and duration characteristics of speech and silence behavior during interviews. Journal of Clinical Psychology 18 (4): 416-426.
Matsuki, Keiko. 1995. "Metaphors of anger in Japanese". In Language and the Cognitive Construal of the World, eds. John R. Taylor and Robert E. MacLaury, 137-152. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Maynard, Michael L. and Senko K. Maynard. 1994. 101 Japanese idioms: Understanding Japanese Language and Culture Through Popular Phrases. Lincolnwood, IL: Passport Books.
Maynard, Seneko K. 1997. Japanese Communication: Language and Thought in Context. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
McDonald, Keiko I. 1994. Japanese Classical Theater in Films. London & Toronto: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 2012. Phenomenology of Perception. London & NewYork: Routledge.
Miike, Yoshitaka. 2003. Japanese Enryo-Sasshi Communication and Psychology of Amae: Reconsideration and Reconceptualization. Keio Communication Review 25: 93-115.
Nishida, Kitaro. 1992. An Inquiry Into the Good. Yale Univesity Press.
Okabe, Ryoichi. 1983. "Cultural assumptions East and West: Japan and the United States". Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives, ed. W. Gudykunst, 22-41. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Prasol, Alexander. 2010. Modern Japan: Origins of the Mind. Hackensack, NJ & London: World Scientific Publishing Co.
Richie, Donald. 1971. Japanese Cinema – Film Style and National Character. New York: Anchor Books.
———. 2005. Hundred Years Japanese Cinema. Tokyo: Kodansha.
———. 2007. A Tractate on Japanese Aesthetics. Stone Bridge Press.
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro (trans.). 2009. Lankavatara Sutra: A Mahayana Text. Motilal Banarsidass.
Takemitsu, Toru. 1995. Confronting Silence – Selected Writings, Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Tanen, Deborah and Muriel Saville-Troike (eds.). 1985. Perspectives on Silence. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Tsujimura, Akira. 1987. "Some Characteristics of the Japanese Way of Communication." Communication Theory - Eastern and Western Perspectives. ed. D. Lawrence Kincaid, 115-126. San Diego: Academic Press, INC.
Yuasa, Yasuo. 2008. Overcoming Modernity – Synchonicity and Image-Thinking. New York: State University of New York Press.
Woronoff, Jon. 1990. Japan As Anything But Number One. Amornk, NY: M.E.Sharpe.
##submission.downloads##
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Broj časopisa
Sekcija
Licenca
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2017 Ana Došen
Ovaj rad je pod Creative Commons Autorstvo-Deli pod istim uslovima 4.0 Internacionalna licenca.
ERIH PLUS - European Reference Index for the Humanities
World Cat
AnthroSerbia
