Mumija - telo, starina ili lek?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21301/EAP.V12I3.6Ključne reči:
mumifikovanje, ljudsko telo, ekofakt/ artefakt, recepcija antikeApstrakt
Uporedo sa zanimanjem i divljenjem za egipatske starine, u renesansnoj Evropi zabeležen je i običaj izrade lekovitog praha nastalog mrvljenjem mumija i namenjenog isceljenju od brojnih bolesti. Primeri ove prakse poznati su sve do početka XX veka. Uverenje o blagotvornom dejstvu ove supstance u tesnoj je vezi sa poverenjem u vesti iz antičkih i arapskih izvora, i moglo je biti ojačano idejama o mističnoj mudrosti drevnih Egipćana, koje se protežu kroz celu evropsku istoriju i sežu sve do antičkih Grka. Međutim, ovaj konkretni primer na upečatljiv način pokreće pitanje različitih načina na koji shvatamo i klasifikujemo materijalne ostatke prošlosti. U slučaju egipatske mumije, radi se o ljudskom telu koje je pripremljeno za zagrobni život na kulturno specifičan način. Recepcija starog Egipta u kasnijim epohama obavila je praksu mumifikovanja, kao i druge aspekte ove kulture, mističnim velom koji je zaklonio originalnu prirodu materijalizovanog traga. Ljudsko telo – ekofakt, podvrgnuto ritualizovanom tretmanu, postalo je stoga jedna od najupečatljivijih starina – artefakt, čije je posedovanje obezbeđivalo simbolički društveni prestiž. U isto vreme, upravo zbog svoje kulturne pripadnosti shvaćeno je i kao izvor sasvim konkretne dobrobiti – izlečenja, poput prirodnih tvari kao što su neke biljke ili rogovi životinja. Ovaj izuzetan primer slikovito ukazuje na poroznost razvrstavanja materijalnih tragova prošlosti u kategorije prirodno/kulturno, artefakt/ekofakt, koje dalje vodi u specijalizovane i često nedovoljno integrisane arheološke interpretacije.
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