Archéologie et ethnicité
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21301/eap.v5i1.7Mots-clés :
archéologie, éthnicité, approche historico-culturelle, identité, contexte actuel de la rechercheRésumé
L’article étudie l’histoire de l’étude archéologique de l’identité collective par le passé. L’approche historico-culturelle repose de tout son poids sur le concept du groupe culturel, marqué décisivement par des conceptions modernes de l’État national – l’unité du territoire, la culture matérielle, la langue et l’appartenance ethnique. L’application de ce concept a mené à des abus politiques drastiques, dont l’exemple le plus connu est celui de Gustav Kosina dans l’Allemagne nazie. Si l’on se rendait compte que l’essence même de l’identité collective des communautés dans le passé ainsi conçue mène inévitablement à la projection du modèle moderne de l’État national, cela mènerait à des réexamens radicaux. C’est ainsi que dans les dernières décennies les archéologues étudient d’autres voies pour l’observation de l’identité collective et individuelle dans le passé, reposant sur une approche constructiviste.
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